HISTORY
NOTES: Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
1.
Known as the father of
Indian renaissance & the first great leader of modern India.
2.
Influenced by European
enlightenment he stressed on reason & human dignity.
3.
He respects the
traditional philosophical system of East but believes that only modern culture
would help India to revive.
4.
Gifted linguist, he knew
many languages such as Sanskrit, Persian, English, Arabic, French, Latin,
Hebrew etc.
1.
Ram Mohan Roy wrote a
Persian book “Tuhafat-ul-muwahhidin” (Gift to monotheist) in 1809, in which he
strongly supported believe in one God (Monotheism).
2.
He translated the Vedas
& Five Upanishads into Bengali
3.
He set up Atmiya sabha
in 1814, Calcutta.
4.
He strongly opposed idol
worship, the rigidity of caste & superstitious rituals.
5.
He has written, Precepts
of Jesus (1820) – He emphasize the moral message of Christ & criticized
miracle stories in Bible.
6.
He described blind
imitation of west, but wanted synthesis of best east & west.
7.
In 1828, he founded
Brahma Sabha later Brahma Samaj (1830) to purify Hinduism & to preach
monotheism.
8.
It was based on –
Reason, Vedas & Upanishads, monotheism.
9.
Brahma samaj opposed –
caste system, child marriage, sati system, etc.
Work For Women
1.
Sati-system was
Abolished by William Bentinck in 1829.
2.
He also demanded the
right of inheritance & Property for Women.
Modern education
1.
He supported dutch watch
, watch maker ‘David Hare’ to found Hindu-College 1817.
2.
He established a vedant
college in Calcutta 1825.
3.
He strongly supported
introduction of English education
National Consciousness
1.
He was the pioneer of
Indian Journalism & brought Journals in Bengali, Persian, Hindi, English
for spreading scientific literacy & political education.
2.
He started Bengali
weekly “Sambad Kaumudi” (1821) which was first Indian newspaper edited,
published & managed by Indians.[Language – Bangali]
3.
He also started Persian
Weekly – “Mirat-ul-Akhbar” [Language – Farsi]
Pioneer in Political
Agitation:-
1.
He protested against
restrictions on Indian Press in 1824.
2.
He demanded the
abolition of trading rights of east India Company & removal of heavy export
duties on Indian goods.
3.
He also demanded
Indianisation of superior services, Judicial equality between Indians &
Europeans.
Internationalist
1.
He was given the title
of ‘Raja’ by Mughal emperor Akbar-II & sent to England to plead his case
for an increase in pension.
2.
He died at Bristol in
England in 1833.
Development of Brahma Samaj
1.
Brahma Sabha, established
1828.
2.
Tarachandra Chakraborty
was the first secretary of Brahma Sabha.
3.
1830:- Ram Mohan Went to
England.
4.
1830-1833:- Acharya
Ramchandra, 1833- Death(acting head)[Death of Raja Ram – 1833-Bristal]
5.
1833-43:- Dwarika
Nath Tagore
6.
1843:- Devendra
Nath Tagore (Father of Rabindranath Tagore)
7.
Founded ‘Tatvabodhini
Sabha in 1839.
8.
Published ‘Tatvabodhini’
magazine.
9.
Other members of
Tatvabodhini – Rajendra lal Mishra, Akshya Kumar Dutt Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar.
10.
In 1843 – Devendra Nath Tagore re-organised
& revitalized Brahmo Samaj
11.
1857:- Keshub Chandra
sen joined Brahma samaj & soon popularized it outside Bengal.
12.
1866:- 1st Split in
Brahma Samaj
13.
Devendra Nath Tagore →
Adi Brahma Samaj
14.
Keshab Chandra Sen →
Brahma Samaj of India → He took important Parting getting the Brahma marriage
Act 1872. [Girl’s minimum age – 15 years]
15.
1878 – 2nd split →
When Keshavchandra got his minor daughter married to maharaja of coach Bihar.
16.
Sadharan Brahma Samaj →
Shivnath Shastri, Anand Mohan Bose
17.
Brahma Samaj was first
missionary moment in India & Keshav Chandra sen was first missionary.
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